Resumo
Objetivo – Este estudo analisa como uma rede de organizações utiliza estratégias coopetitivas institucionalizadas para lidar com a complexidade de um setor altamente regulamentado.
Referencial teórico – Com base na teoria institucional e na literatura sobre coopetição, o estudo analisa como as forças institucionais moldam a cooperação e a competição simultâneas entre as organizações, destacando o papel coordenador dos agentes institucionais formais.
Metodologia – Foi realizado um estudo de caso qualitativo, com múltiplas unidades de análise, no âmbito da ACAFE (Associação Catarinense das Fundações Educacionais) – uma rede de instituições de ensino superior localizada no sul do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de 11 entrevistas semiestruturadas on-line, complementadas com documentos oficiais e informações públicas.
Resultados – A coopetição entre instituições de ensino superior surge como um processo dinâmico e adaptativo, moldado pela heterogeneidade organizacional, pelos mecanismos de criação e compartilhamento de valor, bem como pela influência estratégica de agentes institucionais intermediários. Ela é mobilizada intencionalmente como uma resposta institucional às pressões regulatórias.
Implicações práticas e sociais da pesquisa – O estudo aprofunda a compreensão da relação entre a coopetição e as forças institucionais em um setor altamente regulamentado. Oferece aos gestores e formuladores de políticas insights práticos sobre a coordenação de estratégias coopetitivas legítimas, além de contribuir para os debates sobre como os marcos regulatórios e o diálogo interinstitucional podem moldar diretamente a dinâmica de mercado e o equilíbrio competitivo. A coopetição institucionalizada também impacta diretamente as instituições de ensino superior e suas comunidades circundantes, principalmente no que se refere à sustentabilidade financeira e à continuidade operacional.
Originalidade – O artigo monstra como os agentes institucionais formais negociam e alinham seus interesses com base em estratégias organizacionais de coopetição. Dessa forma, ele contribui para a teoria administrativa ao explicar a institucionalização da coopetição por meio de redes organizacionais.
Referências
Albert-Cromarias, A., Asselineau, A., & Blanchard, G. (2022). Value creation, appropriation and destruction in coopetitive relationships among micro-firms. Industrial Marketing Management, 104, 366–375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2022.05.009
Associação Catarinense das Fundações Educacionais (Acafe). (2025). ACAFE em números. https://acafe.org.br/site/
Bahar, V. S., Nenonen, S., & Starr Jr, R. G. (2022). On the same boat but singing a different tune: Coopetition between hotels and platforms close to customers. Industrial Marketing Management, 107, 52–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2022.09.020
Bengtsson, M., & Kock, S. (2000). “Coopetition” in Business Networks—to Cooperate and Compete Simultaneously. Industrial Marketing Management, 29(5), 411–426. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0019-8501(99)00067-X
Bengtsson, M., & Kock, S. (2014). Coopetition—Quo vadis? Past accomplishments and future challenges. Industrial Marketing Management, 43(2), 180–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2014.02.015
Beraha, A., & Gur, F. A. (2026). Decoding coopetition: dynamics, strategic orientations and evolutionary shifts. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 41(6), 899–912. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-08-2025-0740
Biernacki, P., & Waldorf, D. (1981). Snowball Sampling: Problems and Techniques of Chain Referral Sampling. Sociological Methods & Research, 10(2), 141–163. https://doi.org/10.1177/004912418101000205
Boikanyo, D. H. (2026). Competitive Advantage versus Cooperation in Strategic Management: A Framework for Success. International Journal of Business Excellence, 38(8). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBEX.2026.10076861
Bouilloud, J.-P., Pérezts, M., Viale, T., & Schaepelynck, V. (2020). Beyond the Stable Image of Institutions: Using Institutional Analysis to Tackle Classic Questions in Institutional Theory. Organization Studies, 41(2), 153–174. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840618815519
Brandenburger, A. M., & Nalebuff, B. J. (1995). The right game: Use game theory to shape strategy. Harvard Business Review, 76, 57–71. https://hbr.org/1995/07/the-right-game-use-game-theory-to-shape-strategy
Chim-Miki, A. F., da Costa, R. A., & Oliveira-Ribeiro, R. (2024). Dimensions of tourism coopetition for social value creation. Anatolia, 35(3), 457–469. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2023.2247800
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2017). Research methods in education. Routledge.
Comung. (2025). Consórcio das Universidades Comunitárias Gaúchas. Grupo de Trabalho Marco Legal das Comunitárias.
Costa, E., Lucas Soares, A., & Pinho de Sousa, J. (2017). Institutional networks for supporting the internationalisation of SMEs: the case of industrial business associations. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 32(8), 1182–1202. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-03-2017-0067
Crick, J. M. (2019). The dark side of coopetition: when collaborating with competitors is harmful for company performance. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 35(2), 318–337. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-01-2019-0057
Crick, J. M., & Crick, D. (2021). The dark-side of coopetition: Influences on the paradoxical forces of cooperativeness and competitiveness across product-market strategies. Journal of Business Research, 122, 226–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.08.065
Crick, J. M., Crick, D., & Chaudhry, S. (2022). The dark-side of coopetition: it’s not what you say, but the way that you do it. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 30(1), 22–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2019.1642936
Crick, M., Krisjanous, J., Crick, D., & Crick, J. M. (2026). Institutional logics guiding resource-leveraging behaviour in a highly regulated sector. Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship, 28(3), 252–276. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRME-08-2025-0146
Cuervo-Cazurra, A., & Genc, M. (2008). Transforming Disadvantages into Advantages: Developing-Country MNEs in the Least Developed Countries. Journal of International Business Studies, 39(6), 957–979. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25483316
Czakon, W. (2018). Network coopetition. In A.-S. Fernandez, P. Chiambaretto, F. Le Roy, & W. Czakon (Eds.), The Routledge companion to coopetition strategies. (pp. 47–57). Routledge.
Czakon, W., Klimas, P., & Mariani, M. (2020). Behavioral antecedents of coopetition: A synthesis and measurement scale. Long Range Planning, 53(1), 101875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2019.03.001
Dal-Soto, F., & Monticelli, J. M. (2017). Coopetition strategies in the Brazilian higher education. Revista de Administração de Empresas, 57(1), 65–78. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0034-759020170106
Denzin, N. K. (1978). The research act : a theoretical introduction to sociological methods (Second edition.). McGraw-Hill.
Duarte, R. N., Guimarães, E. R., do Valle, M. R., & Galina, S. V. R. (2025). Unveiling the coopetition pathway: the stakeholder influence in the specialty coffee market. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 32(3), 1045–1068. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-03-2023-0138
Efrat, K., Souchon, A. L., Wald, A., Hughes, P., & Cai, J. (2022). Mitigating coopetition tensions: The forgotten formation stage. European Management Review, 19(4), 527–548. https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12498
Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Making fast strategic decisions in high-velocity environments. Academy of Management Journal, 32(3), 543–576. https://doi.org/10.2307/256434
Flick, U. (2007). Designing qualitative research (2nd.). Sage Publications.
Francisco, T. H. A., Melo, P. A. de, Gianezini, M., & Cinha, L. D. S. (2021). Regulação governamental em tempos de crise no segmento privado do ensino superior brasileiro. Revista de Gestão e Avaliação Educacional, 10(19), e63539. https://doi.org/10.5902/2318133863539
García‐Canal, E., & Guillén, M. F. (2008). Risk and the strategy of foreign location choice in regulated industries. Strategic Management Journal, 29(10), 1097–1115. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.692
Gnyawali, D. R., & Park, B.-J. (Robert). (2009). Co-opetition and Technological Innovation in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: A Multilevel Conceptual Model. Journal of Small Business Management, 47(3), 308–330. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2009.00273.x
Guyottot, O., & Thelisson, A.-S. (2024). Coping with paradoxical demands: the dual position of deans in French business schools. Studies in Higher Education, 49(8), 1360–1380. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2023.2265405
He, X., & Wei, Y. (2013). Export market location decision and performance. International Marketing Review, 30(6), 559–590. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMR-09-2011-0232
Hidalgo, G., Monticelli, J. M., Pedroso, J., Verschoore, J. R., & de Matos, C. A. (2022). The Influence of Formal Institution Agents on Coopetition in the Organic Food Industry. Journal of Agricultural & Food Industrial Organization, 20(2), 61–74. https://doi.org/10.1515/jafio-2019-0009
Hung, S.-W., & Chang, C.-C. (2012). A co-opetition perspective of technology alliance governance modes. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 24(7), 679–696. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2012.705120
Klimas, P., Stańczyk, S., & Sachpazidu, K. (2024). Pushing coopetition research further: Understanding, relevance, and operationalization of the attributes of coopetition strategies and coopetitive relationships. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, 20(4), 26–48. https://doi.org/10.7341/20242042
Kostis, A., Albers, S., Vanderstraeten, J., Chinchanikar, S., & Bengtsson, M. (2024). Coopetitive dynamics, really? Towards an interaction perspective on coopetition. Industrial Marketing Management, 116, 158–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2023.12.005
Luo, Y. (2005). Toward coopetition within a multinational enterprise: a perspective from foreign subsidiaries. Journal of World Business, 40(1), 71–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2004.10.006
Manzhynski, S., & Figge, F. (2020). Coopetition for sustainability: Between organizational benefit and societal good. Business Strategy and the Environment, 29(3), 827–837. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2400
Meena, A., Dhir, S., & Sushil, S. (2024). Coopetition, strategy, and business performance in the era of digital transformation using a multi-method approach: Some research implications for strategy and operations management. International Journal of Production Economics, 270, 109068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2023.109068
Monticelli, J. M., Garrido, I. L., Vieira, L. M., Chim-Miki, A. F., & Carneiro, J. (2022). Can competitors cooperate? The impact of formal institution agents in promoting coopetition among emerging market exporters. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 37(9), 1915–1932. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-10-2020-0482
Monticelli, J. M., Garrido, I. L., Vieira, L. M., & Verschoore, J. R. (2025). Coopetition and internationalization of SMEs: an institutional approach. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/10696679.2025.2457685
Monticelli, J. M., Verschoore, J. R., & Garrido, I. L. (2023). The emergence of coopetition in highly regulated industries: A study on the Brazilian private healthcare market. Industrial Marketing Management, 108, 35–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2022.11.007
Muijs, D., & Rumyantseva, N. (2014). Coopetition in education: Collaborating in a competitive environment. Journal of Educational Change, 15(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-013-9223-8
Nakanishi, Y. (2020). Interplay between coopetition and institutions: How Japanese airlines enhance bargaining power. Journal of Co-Operative Organization and Management, 8(2), 100120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcom.2020.100120
Nieto, M. J., & Santamaría, L. (2007). The importance of diverse collaborative networks for the novelty of product innovation. Technovation, 27(6–7), 367–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2006.10.001
Niu, Y., Li, H., Xia, B., & Deng, X. (2024). Coopetition capability of international joint ventures for high-speed railway projects. International Journal of Construction Management, 24(16), 1730–1741. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2023.2289752
North, D. C. (1990). Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511808678
Nuruzzaman, N., Gaur, A. S., & Sambharya, R. B. (2019). A microfoundations approach to studying innovation in multinational subsidiaries. Global Strategy Journal, 9(1), 92–116. https://doi.org/10.1002/gsj.1202
Padula, G., & Dagnino, G. B. (2007). Untangling the Rise of Coopetition: The Intrusion of Competition in a Cooperative Game Structure. International Studies of Management & Organization, 37(2), 32–52. https://doi.org/10.2753/IMO0020-8825370202
Peng, T.-J., Yen, M.-H., & Bourne, M. (2018). How rival partners compete based on cooperation? Long Range Planning, 51(2), 351–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2017.10.003
Ramamurti, R. (2012). Competing with emerging market multinationals. Business Horizons, 55(3), 241–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2012.01.001
Raza-Ullah, T., Bengtsson, M., & Gnyawali, D. R. (2020). The nature, consequences, and management of emotions in interfirm paradoxical relationships—A conceptual framework. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 36(4), 101127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scaman.2020.101127
Ritala, P. (2012). Coopetition Strategy – When is it Successful? Empirical Evidence on Innovation and Market Performance. British Journal of Management, 23(3), 307–324. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2011.00741.x
Santa Catarina. (2023, July 31). Lei Complementar no 831, de 31 de julho de 2023 [Complimentary Law no. 831, 2023 July 31]. Https://Leisestaduais.Com.Br/Sc/Lei-Complementar-n-831-2023-Santa-Catarina-Institui-o-Programa-Universidade-Gratuita-e-Estabelece-Outras-Providencias.
Santa Catarina. (2024, January 29). Decreto no 450, de 29 de janeiro de 2024 [Decree no. 450, 2024 January 29]. Http://Server03.Pge.Sc.Gov.Br/LegislacaoEstadual/2024/000450-005-0-2024-009.Htm.
Santa Catarina. (2025, December 11). Decreto no 1.322, de 11 de dezembro de 2025 [Decree no. 1,322, 2025, December 11]. Https://Leis.Org/Estaduais/Sc/Santa-Catarina/Lei/Decreto/2025/1322/Decreto-n-1322-2025-Regulamenta-a-Lei-Complementar-n-831-de-2023-Que-Institui-o-Programa-Universidade-Gratuita-e-Estabelece-Outras-Providencias.
Séran, T., Fernandez, A.-S., & Chappert, H. (2024). Managing coopetition in multi-unit organizations: a management-control perspective. Review of Managerial Science, 18(10), 2889–2924. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-023-00697-y
Thelisson, A.-S. (2023). Coopetition in a merger process: Regulators and management of coopetitive tensions. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 89(2), 381–397. https://doi.org/10.1177/00208523211034667
Vieira, L. M., Monticelli, J. M., & Cislaghi, T. P. (2025). The interplay of institutions and coopetition: a decade-long analysis of a geographical indication in the Brazilian wine industry. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 40(6), 1283–1297. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-04-2024-0268
Virtanen, H., & Kock, S. (2022). Striking the right balance in tension management. The case of coopetition in small- and medium-sized firms. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 37(13), 33–47. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-10-2021-0469
Vu, V., & Fath, B. (2024). Friends and foes: Embracing coopetition for sustainability in the New Zealand alternative protein industry. Business Strategy and the Environment, 33(6), 5232–5246. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3758
Woolley, J. L. (2023). Getting along with frenemies: enhancing multi-competitor coopetition governance through artificial intelligence and blockchain. Industry and Innovation, 30(9), 1156–1189. https://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2023.2168519
Yin, R. K. (2014). Case study research: design and methods. Sage Publications.
Yrjölä, M., Niittymies, A., & Tabas, A. M. (2024). Paradox blindness: How managers frame coopetition. Industrial Marketing Management, 120, 160–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2024.06.001
Em caso de aprovação do artigo para publicação, os direitos de copyright são cedidos pelo(s) autor(es) à Revista Brasileira de Gestão de Negócios – RBGN.
Nestes termos, é OBRIGATÓRIO que os autores enviem para RBGN o formulário de Cessão de Direitos Autorias devidamente preenchido e assinado. Conforme o modelo: [Direitosautorais]
As condições da Cessão de Direitos Autorais indicam que a Revista Brasileira de Gestão de Negócios – RBGN possui a título gratuito e em caráter definitivo os direitos autorais patrimoniais dos artigos por ela publicados. Não obstante a Cessão dos Direitos Autorais, a RBGN faculta aos autores o uso desses direitos sem restrições.
Os textos publicados na RBGN são de inteira responsabilidade de seus autores.
A revista adota o padrão de licença CC-BY Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 permitindo redistribuição e reutilização dos artigos sob a condição de que a autoria seja devidamente creditada.

