Palavras-chave
estereótipos de gênero
estudos longitudinais
satisfação no trabalho
Europa
Como Citar
Resumo
Objetivo – Este estudo analisa os comportamentos de liderança em relação ao gênero do líder, à congruência de gênero e suas relações com a satisfação no trabalho dos funcionários ao longo do tempo.
Referencial teórico – Com base na perspectiva dos estereótipos de gênero e na estrutura de congruência de papéis, este estudo examina como os estereótipos comuns atribuídos socialmente às mulheres podem comprometer sua avaliação como líderes competentes.
Metodologia – Foram estudados dois conjuntos de dados do Inquérito Europeu sobre as Condições de Trabalho. Foram realizadas comparações de médias e análises de regressão multivariada em amostras de 25.649 no Momento 1 e 26.047 no Momento 2.
Resultados – Os principais resultados mostram comportamentos de liderança diferentes entre líderes homens e mulheres. Ao contrário do que se esperava, as mulheres apresentaram mais comportamentos instrumentais e relacionais, e essa diferença aumentou com o tempo. Entretanto, foram observadas menos diferenças nos comportamentos instrumentais. Os resultados também sugerem que o gênero dos funcionários afeta a forma como alguns comportamentos de liderança são percebidos. Por fim, não foram encontradas diferenças de gênero na satisfação no trabalho, já que os comportamentos estudados se relacionam positivamente com ela.
Implicações praticais e sociais da pesquisa – Do ponto de vista prático, a promoção de uma gama diversificada de comportamentos de liderança é importante para aumentar a satisfação dos funcionários com o trabalho nas organizações. As líderes mulheres são cada vez mais vistas de forma positiva no local de trabalho.
Contribuições – As líderes mulheres apresentam um conjunto mais versátil de comportamentos de liderança em comparação com seus homólogos homens. As diferenças nos comportamentos voltados para os relacionamentos persistem, e o gênero do funcionário é importante para perceber em quais comportamentos os líderes homens ou mulheres se envolvem mais.
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